RegionInternational. Neutral scientific reference — not offered for sale here.
Cart · 0
Set region
Explore  /  Rapamycin (Sirolimus)
Research reference — not for sale

Rapamycin (Sirolimus)

A
lead outcome
Mammalian lifespan extension (animal)
grades vary by outcome ↓
Small molecule (non-peptide)
also called — Rapamycin · Sirolimus · Rapamune (brand)
longevity / geroprotection (off-label)mTOR inhibition / autophagyimmunosuppression (approved)anticancer / LAM / epilepsy (approved or investigational)

The Easter Island molecule that named a protein and became longevity's best-evidenced drug. Rapamycin is the register's longevity capstone, and it's overflowing with remarkable facts. A few: (1) it was found in soil bacteria on Easter Island (Rapa Nui) — and named after the island; (2) it's so central to cell biology that a master growth-regulating protein was named after it — mTOR = "mechanistic Target Of Rapamycin"; (3) it's the only drug proven to extend mammalian lifespan even when started in mid-life, replicated across three independent labs; (4) it's a paradox — a daily-dose immunosuppressant that, dosed weekly, may be geroprotective. It's a small molecule (approved drug), not a peptide — and human longevity proof still doesn't exist.

In brief

Rapamycin (sirolimus) is a small-molecule mTOR inhibitor — and longevity science's flagship. Discovered in soil bacteria on Easter Island (Rapa Nui) and named after the island, it's so fundamental that the master growth-sensing protein mTOR is named after it ("mechanistic Target Of Rapamycin"). It has lived four scientific lives — antifungal, then FDA-approved transplant immunosuppressant (1999), then anticancer, then the anti-aging frontier. Its landmark credential: in the 2009 NIA Interventions Testing Program (Nature), rapamycin extended the lifespan of already-old mice — replicated in three independent labs — making it the only drug proven to extend mammalian lifespan when started in mid-life, and the most reproducible lifespan extender across yeast, worms, flies, and mice. Mechanistically it inhibits mTOR, flipping cells from growth mode into repair mode (autophagy), reducing inflammation, and improving cellular housekeeping. The honest caveats: it's a potent prescription immunosuppressant, not a supplement; the longevity protocol (low weekly dosing) differs entirely from transplant dosing and aims to spare immunity; side effects are real; and — decisively — no human trial has yet demonstrated a longevity benefit (the PEARL RCT showed weekly dosing is reasonably safe, but durable functional benefits await replication). So: the best-evidenced longevity drug we have in animals, an approved and serious medicine, a molecule with a spectacular backstory — and still without human proof that it extends healthy lifespan.

Legal standing, by region
United States
an approved prescription drug (sirolimus) for transplant rej

an approved prescription drug (sirolimus) for transplant rejection and LAM. Longevity use is entirely off-label, requiring clinical oversight; there is no approved anti-aging indication.

Evidence, by outcome
How we grade →

An honest grade per outcome — drawn from the evidence, not any catalogue. Hype and undemonstrated marketing claims grade low.

OutcomeEvidence base · effectGrade
Mammalian lifespan extension (animal)
The strongest lifespan data in the register — but mouse, not human
NIA ITP, Nature 2009: reproducible across 3 labs, both sexes, late-life start; most robust of any compound
A
Human longevity / healthspan
The decisive gap: mouse ≠ human; durable human functional benefit unproven
No RCT has hit a longevity endpoint; PEARL showed weekly-dosing safety
F
Immunosuppression (approved)
This is real, powerful pharmacology — the flip side of the "spare immunity" longevity goal
FDA-approved 1999 (transplant); LAM 2015
A
Autophagy / cellular "repair mode"
Mechanistically solid; the aging payoff in humans is the unproven step
Well-established mechanism (mTORC1 inhibition)
B
Safety (longevity dosing)
Not benign — a real immunosuppressant; requires clinical oversight and monitoring
PEARL RCT (weekly): reasonably safe; AEs = mouth ulcers, glucose/lipid changes, infection risk
C
Disclosure

Vallydia sells its own cosmetic serums, and some ingredients graded here belong to the same categories as those products. Grades are drawn from the published evidence by the method we publish, and applied to our own ingredients on the same terms — our copper-peptide serum is graded no more kindly than the peptides it competes with. We disclose the interest so you can weigh it.

Trade names shown here (for example Matrixyl, Argireline, Syn-Ake) are the property of their respective owners and are used only to identify the ingredient under discussion. Their appearance implies no affiliation with, or endorsement by, the proprietor.

Evidence changes

Get notified if this changes

We track new research and update these grades as the evidence moves. Leave your email and we'll tell you if the evidence for Rapamycin (Sirolimus) changes - nothing else.

One ingredient, one purpose. No marketing, no sharing. Unsubscribe anytime. See our privacy policy.

Identity a macrocyclic lactone (macrolide) small molecule that inhibits mTOR — the cell's master growth-and-nutrient sensor. It is an approved prescription drug (an immunosuppressant), and simultaneously the single most-studied and best-evidenced compound in longevity science. It is emphatically not a peptide — it's included as the register's central longevity anchor. ## Mechanism (as proposed) mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) is a kinase that acts as the cell's nutrient-and-growth sensor, integrating signals to decide whether the cell should grow and divide (protein synthesis, proliferation — high mTOR) or conserve and repair (low mTOR). Rapamycin binds FKBP12, and that complex inhibits mTORC1 (the growth-driving arm). The downstream effects map onto major aging hallmarks: autophagy increases (cells clear damaged proteins/organelles), inflammation ("inflammaging") decreases, mitochondrial function improves, and senescent-cell burden may fall. The longevity strategy hinges on selectivity and schedule — intermittent low dosing to hit mTORC1 (growth/aging) while largely sparing mTORC2 (whose inhibition drives the glucose/immune side effects) — the pharmacological tightrope that separates "geroprotector" from "immunosuppressant."

Chemical identifiers

Cross-reference identifiers for the authoritative external databases — not a recipe, and nothing about how to use it.

PubChem CID5284616
InChIKeyQFJCIRLUMZQUOT-HPLJOQBZSA-N
SMILESC[C@@H]1CC[C@H]2C[C@@H](/C(=C/C=C/C=C/[C@H](C[C@H](C(=O)[C@@H]([C@@H](/C(=C/[C@H](C(=O)C[C@H](OC(=O)[C@@H]3CCCCN3C(=O)C(=O)[C@@]1(O2)O)[C@H](C)C[C@@H]4CC[C@H]([C@@H](C4)OC)O)C)/C)O)OC)C)C)/C)OC
UNIIW36ZG6FT64
DrugBankDB00877

via PubChem exact-name match (Rapamycin) · high confidence

Sources — 4 cited
01Harrison DE, et al. Rapamycin fed late in life extends lifespan in genetically heterogeneous mice. Nature 2009 (NIA ITP; 3-lab replication; late-life start; the field-defining result).
02Discovery/history: isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus in Easter Island (Rapa Nui) soil (Nogrady, late 1960s; Ayerst/Wyeth/Pfizer); named after Rapa Nui; mTOR = "mechanistic Target Of Rapamycin."
03Approvals: FDA sirolimus 1999 (renal transplant, NDA 021083); LAM 2015 (MILES trial).
04Roark KM, Iffland PH. Rapamycin for longevity: pros, cons, future perspectives. Front Aging 2025; PEARL RCT (weekly dosing safety; longevity endpoints not met). (Approved immunosuppressant; longevity use off-label and unproven in humans as of 2026.)
Updated 2026-07-13 (the field's key open question: a human RCT with a genuine longevity/healthspan endpoint — none has succeeded yet; intermittent-dosing and rapalog selectivity are the active frontiers)

Grades reflect the published evidence, not our interest. No dosing, reconstitution, or administration is published for research compounds — that restraint is deliberate.

Related compounds
NAD+ (and its precursors NMN / NR)A
Small molecule (non-peptide)
Epitalon (Epithalon)C
Peptide
FOXO4-DRID
Peptide
MK-677 (Ibutamoren)B
Small molecule (non-peptide)
SLU-PP-332 (ERR agonist / "exercise mimetic")F
Small molecule (non-peptide)
AICAR (Acadesine)F
Small molecule (non-peptide)
TesofensineB
Small molecule (non-peptide)
Explore by goal
Longevity & cellular
Vallydia

A neutral reference and a lawful-lane shop. Information for those who seek it — never promotion.

RegionInternational
ExploreRegisterThe Register — full indexCategoriesTrust & COAHow we gradeOpen dataBrands
ShopCosmetic peptidesJournalQuizzes
TermsPrivacyCookiesReturnsShippingImprint

This site provides neutral scientific reference and sells only products lawful in your region. Nothing here is medical advice, a recommendation, or an offer to supply unapproved medicines. No dosing or administration is published for research compounds. Cosmetic peptides per Regulation (EC) 1223/2009. Unapproved injectable peptides are neither sold nor advertised in the EU (Directive 2001/83/EC, Title VIII). © 2026 Vallydia.